EMP

[Skvez]

BarneyBoy

Damage from EMP depends on
The magnitude of the pulse
The duration of the pulse
The type of transistor
The magnitude is proportional to 1 divided by the square of the distance (so being twice as far away you experience only ¼ of the magnitude). This is relevant for Nukes but not so much for solar flare.
EMP from a nuke is almost instantaneous in duration but EMP from a solar flair could last hours or even days.
The smaller the transistor the more vulnerable it is to EMP damage (but the less field it will experience due to being smaller)

Things you can do to protect (effectiveness from low to high)

1] Turn off
2] Surge Protection on inputs
3] Disconnect from long leads that can act as ariels and couple noise onto the device (such as power cords)
4] Put in a Faraday cage (isolated inside a metal enclosure with no gaps or holes)

Options 1 and 2 offer only minimal protection but may still be useful if you're at the outer edges of the affected zone.

Obviously options 3 and 4 tend to leave the device inoperable although I have heard of complete Faraday caged rooms with computer servers in them.