Xiegu G1M Longer range coms on a budget

[Mick]

As a matter of interest, can radio transmitters of all kinds have adjustable ranges?
For example if you want to transmit to somebody who's say only 10 miles away, can you set the range to 10 miles so that nobody with a receiver beyond that range can eavesdrop on your conversation?

Also, can radio beams be "pointed" in a specific direction? For examp if your receiving pal lives in a specific area could you direct the beam at that area so that anybody outside the beam wouldn't be able to eavesdrop?